EVALUACIÓN DE UN HUMEDAL ARTIFICIAL AIREADO EN EFLUENTE DE UNA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DE LA INDUSTRIA ATUNERA, MANTA, MANABÍ, ECUADOR
Resumen
Los humedales artificiales se han implementado como medida alternativa a los procesos convencionales de tratamiento de aguas residuales, principalmente por sus bajos costos de construcción y mantenimiento; sin embargo, hay pocas investigaciones en efluentes líquidos de la industria atunera y no existen investigaciones evaluando el tratamiento de estas aguas con microorganismos aislados. Se evaluó el comportamiento de un humedal artificial aireado utilizando Chrysopogon zizanioides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Trichoderma harzianum, en efluente de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la industria atunera. La investigación estuvo sujeta a un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), donde se aplicó un control (P0) y 4 tratamientos (P1, P1M1, P1M2, P1M1M2) con tres réplicas cada uno, proporcionando un total de 15 unidades experimentales. Los tratamientos, P1 (Chrysopogon zizanioides), P1M1 (C. zizanioides + 1.5 ml/l de S. cerevisiae con 4.3x108 ufc/ml), P1M2 (C. zizanioides + 1.5 ml/l de T. harzianum con 1.95x108 esporas/ml) y P1M1M2 (C. zizanioides + 1.5 ml/l mezcla de S. cerevisiae con 4.3x108 ufc/ml y T. harzianum con 1.95x108 esporas/ml). En los tratamientos (P1, P1M1, P1M2, P1M1M2) se obtuvo una remoción de DBO promedio de 99.68%, el PT incrementó desde 3 mg/l hasta 4.95 mg/l. El pH disminuyó en todos los tratamientos excepto P1M2 respecto su valor inicial 6.3. La remoción más baja de NTK fue P1 con 64.56% y la más alta de 73.81% para P1M1M2. El efecto más apreciable fue la remoción de NTK, posiblemente la acción estimulante de C. zizanioides en la producción de ureasas y proteasas, la producción de aminoácidos de S. cereviciae y la actividad enzimática de T. harzianum, lograron que tratamientos donde estas variables se involucraron, removieran un mayor porcentaje.PALABRAS CLAVE: Chrysopogon zizanioides; humedal artificial aireado; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Trichoderma harzianum.EVALUATION OF AN AERATED ARTIFICIAL WETLAND IN EFFLUENT OF A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF THE TUNA INDUSTRY, MANTA, MANABÍ, ECUADORABSTRACTConstructed Wetlands have been implemented as an alternative option to conventional wastewater treatment processes, mainly due to their low construction and maintenance costs; however, there is little research on liquid effluents from the tuna industry and there is no research evaluating the treatment with isolated microorganisms. To evaluate the behavior of aerated constructed wetland using Chrysopogon zizanioides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichoderma harzianum, in effluent from a wastewater treatment plant of the tuna industry. It was subject to a Completely Random Design (CRD), where a control (P0) and 4 treatments were applied (P1, P1M1, P1M2, P1M1M2) with three replicates each, providing a total of 15 experimental units. The treatments specifically were P1 (C. zizanioides), P1M1 (C. zizanioides + 1.5 ml/l of S. cerevisiae with 4.3x108 cfu/ml), P1M2 (C. zizanioides + 1.5 ml/l of T. harzianum with 1.95x108 spores/ml) and P1M1M2 (C. zizanioides + 1.5 ml/l mixture of S. cerevisiae with 4.3x108 cfu/ml and T. harzianum with 1.95x108 spores/ml). Results. After the treatments, an average BOD removal of 99.68% was obtained, TP increased from 3.34 to 4.95 mg/l. The pH decreased in all the treatments except P1M2 with respect to its initial value 6.3. The lowest TKN removal was P1 with 64.56% and the highest of 73.81% for P1M1M2. The most noticeable effect was the removal of TKN, possibly the stimulating action of C. zizanioides in the production of ureases and proteases, the production of amino acids of S. cereviciae and the enzymatic activity of T. harzianum, which allowed treatments where these variables they got involved, removed a higher percentage.KEYWORDS: aerated constructed wetland; Chrysopogon zizanioides; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Trichoderma harzianum.Descargas
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