Tendencias en Logística Verde y Transporte Sostenible: una revisión sistemática de literatura en América Latina – postpandemia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61154/mrcm.v12i2.4432Palabras clave:
Transporte, Desarrollo sostenible, Pandemia, AbastecimientoResumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las tendencias emergentes en logística verde y transporte sostenible en América Latina en el período postpandemia, mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura científica e informes institucionales. Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo basado en el protocolo PRISMA, identificando inicialmente 452 registros en bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y Google Scholar; tras eliminar duplicados y aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 60 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025 para el análisis final. Los resultados evidencian que la pandemia de COVID-19 actuó como catalizador de transformaciones en los sistemas logísticos, destacando la digitalización de operaciones, con reducciones de recorridos entre 15% y 20% mediante sistemas de ruteo y monitoreo en tiempo real; la electrificación del transporte, reflejada en la expansión de flotas urbanas con más de 800 buses eléctricos en Santiago y 1.500 en Bogotá; y la reconfiguración de cadenas de suministro hacia modelos más cortos y resilientes. Asimismo, se observa un crecimiento de la micromovilidad superior al 30% en algunas ciudades, contribuyendo a la reducción de emisiones y congestión urbana. No obstante, estos avances se desarrollan de forma desigual entre países y organizaciones, con mayores progresos en Chile, Brasil y Colombia, mientras que las pymes enfrentan limitaciones asociadas a financiamiento, infraestructura y capacidades técnicas. En conjunto, la logística verde se consolida como un eje estratégico que mejora la eficiencia operativa, reduce impactos ambientales y fortalece la resiliencia de las cadenas de suministro en la región.Descargas
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